Published
Oct 22, 2024
Updated
Oct 22, 2024

Can LLMs Learn Human Preferences?

Few-shot In-Context Preference Learning Using Large Language Models
By
Chao Yu|Hong Lu|Jiaxuan Gao|Qixin Tan|Xinting Yang|Yu Wang|Yi Wu|Eugene Vinitsky

Summary

Building reward functions for reinforcement learning models is hard. Imagine trying to code exactly *what* you want a robot dog to do – it's a coding nightmare. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aims to simplify this process by learning reward functions directly from human preferences. Show a person two videos of a robot doing different things, ask which they prefer, and use that preference to shape the reward. The problem? It takes *forever*. Thousands of comparisons might be needed just for a simple task. Researchers are exploring whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can accelerate this process. A new technique called In-Context Preference Learning (ICPL) uses LLMs to generate reward function code directly. It then shows videos of the resulting robot behavior to a human, who ranks their preferences. The best and worst examples are fed back to the LLM, which refines the code in the next iteration. Experiments show ICPL needs drastically fewer human comparisons than traditional RLHF, even rivaling methods that use hand-coded reward functions. Impressively, ICPL even tackled a subjective task: making a simulated humanoid jump like a real human. By iteratively incorporating human feedback, the LLM learned to generate reward functions that produced surprisingly realistic jumping behavior, far beyond simply maximizing airtime. While limitations remain—some tasks are too complex for humans to judge from video alone, and the initial diversity of generated reward functions impacts performance—ICPL opens exciting new avenues for aligning complex AI behaviors with human intentions.
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Question & Answers

How does In-Context Preference Learning (ICPL) technically differ from traditional RLHF in training AI systems?
ICPL revolutionizes reward function development by using LLMs to generate code directly, while traditional RLHF relies solely on human preference comparisons. The process works in iterations: (1) The LLM generates initial reward function code, (2) This code produces robot behaviors shown in videos, (3) Humans rank their preferences among these behaviors, (4) Best and worst examples are fed back to the LLM, which then refines the code. For example, in training a robot to jump naturally, ICPL could generate a reward function considering factors like joint angles and movement fluidity, then iterate based on human feedback about which jumps look most human-like.
What are the main benefits of using AI to learn from human preferences?
AI learning from human preferences offers a more intuitive and efficient way to train AI systems compared to traditional programming methods. Instead of developers having to code exact specifications, humans can simply indicate their preferences between different outcomes. This approach makes AI training more accessible to non-technical users, speeds up development time, and helps create AI systems that better align with human values and expectations. For instance, in robotics, this could mean training service robots to move and interact in ways that feel natural and comfortable to humans, without requiring complex programming.
How is AI changing the way we train robots and automated systems?
AI is transforming robot training by making it more intuitive and less technical through methods like preference learning. Rather than requiring extensive coding, modern AI approaches allow systems to learn from simple human feedback about what looks or feels right. This democratizes robotics development, making it accessible to non-programmers while potentially producing more natural results. Applications range from teaching industrial robots to move more efficiently to helping domestic robots interact more naturally with household objects and people. This shift represents a major step toward more user-friendly and adaptable automated systems.

PromptLayer Features

  1. Testing & Evaluation
  2. ICPL's iterative refinement process aligns with PromptLayer's testing capabilities for evaluating and comparing prompt outcomes
Implementation Details
Set up A/B testing framework to compare different reward function generations, track performance metrics across iterations, implement automated evaluation pipelines
Key Benefits
• Systematic comparison of generated reward functions • Automated tracking of improvement across iterations • Reproducible evaluation process
Potential Improvements
• Integration with video comparison interfaces • Custom metrics for human preference alignment • Automated regression testing for reward functions
Business Value
Efficiency Gains
Reduced time spent on manual evaluation processes
Cost Savings
Fewer required human comparisons through systematic testing
Quality Improvement
More consistent and reliable reward function generation
  1. Workflow Management
  2. ICPL's iterative feedback loop matches PromptLayer's workflow orchestration capabilities for managing multi-step processes
Implementation Details
Create reusable templates for reward function generation, implement version tracking for iterations, establish feedback integration pipeline
Key Benefits
• Structured management of feedback loops • Version control for reward function evolution • Reproducible experimentation process
Potential Improvements
• Enhanced feedback integration mechanisms • Automated workflow optimization • Better template customization options
Business Value
Efficiency Gains
Streamlined iteration process with automated workflows
Cost Savings
Reduced development time through reusable templates
Quality Improvement
Better tracking and control of the feedback integration process

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