Unlocking Faster LLM Inference: Beyond One Token at a Time
Optimized Multi-Token Joint Decoding with Auxiliary Model for LLM Inference
By
Zongyue Qin|Ziniu Hu|Zifan He|Neha Prakriya|Jason Cong|Yizhou Sun

https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09722v2
Summary
Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized how we interact with technology, but their impressive capabilities come at a cost. Generating text with LLMs is computationally expensive, demanding significant time and energy. Each word in a sentence is usually generated one by one, creating a bottleneck for real-time applications.
Imagine a writer painstakingly crafting a sentence word by word, consulting a thesaurus for each choice. Traditional LLM inference works much the same way, generating one token (word) at a time. This process, called autoregressive decoding, is inherently slow.
Researchers have explored faster methods like speculative decoding, where a "draft model" predicts several tokens, which a larger "editor model" verifies. While this speeds things up, each word is still chosen in isolation, potentially creating nonsensical phrases.
A new approach called multi-token joint decoding (MTJD) offers a solution. MTJD analyzes multiple tokens simultaneously, considering the likelihood of entire phrases and even sentences at once. This reduces output perplexity—a measure of how predictable text is, with lower perplexity often correlating to better quality. However, pure MTJD is too complex for current hardware.
This research introduces multi-token assisted decoding (MTAD), a method that borrows from speculative decoding to make MTJD practical. MTAD uses a smaller, faster auxiliary model to draft multiple tokens from their joint distribution (like MTJD), then verifies the draft tokens in parallel with the larger model. The key innovation is to accept the *longest coherent sub-sequence* among the drafts.
Theoretical analysis and empirical results confirm the advantages of MTAD. Experiments on various tasks, including chat, summarization, text-to-SQL, and challenging benchmarks like MT-Bench, reveal that MTAD lowers perplexity by an average of 21.2% compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, MTAD achieves a speed-up of 1.42x and reduces energy consumption by a substantial 1.54x compared to existing speculative decoding methods.
This research paves the way for more efficient and sustainable use of LLMs. By generating text in chunks rather than individual words, MTAD represents an essential step toward faster and more articulate language generation. The method also opens new possibilities for real-time LLM applications in areas such as chatbots, translation, and content creation.
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How does multi-token assisted decoding (MTAD) technically improve LLM inference speed?
MTAD combines speculative decoding with multi-token joint decoding to achieve faster inference. The process works by first using a smaller auxiliary model to draft multiple tokens simultaneously from their joint distribution. These draft tokens are then verified in parallel by the larger model, accepting the longest coherent sub-sequence. This approach reduces computational complexity while maintaining quality by considering phrase-level coherence rather than isolated tokens. For example, when generating a response about weather, MTAD might draft and verify 'it will rain tomorrow' as a complete phrase rather than generating each word sequentially, resulting in a 1.42x speed improvement and 1.54x energy reduction compared to traditional methods.
What are the real-world benefits of faster language model processing?
Faster language model processing brings immediate benefits to everyday applications. It enables more responsive chatbots and virtual assistants, making conversations feel more natural and less frustrating. In business settings, it means quicker content creation, real-time translation services, and more efficient customer service automation. For example, a customer service chatbot could respond almost instantly to inquiries, while content creators could generate draft articles or social media posts in seconds rather than minutes. This speed improvement also means reduced energy consumption and lower operational costs, making AI technology more accessible and sustainable for businesses of all sizes.
Why is energy efficiency important in AI language models?
Energy efficiency in AI language models is crucial for both environmental and practical reasons. More efficient models reduce electricity consumption and carbon emissions, contributing to sustainability goals. From a business perspective, lower energy usage means reduced operational costs and the ability to run more complex applications with existing hardware. For instance, a more energy-efficient model might allow a startup to offer advanced AI features without requiring expensive cloud computing resources. The research shows that improvements like MTAD can reduce energy consumption by 1.54x, making AI applications more sustainable and cost-effective for widespread adoption.
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