Imagine an AI that doesn't just answer medical questions but acts like a doctor, reasoning through complex cases, ordering tests, and collaborating with specialists in real-time. This isn't science fiction; it's the promise of next-generation medical AI agents. Researchers are exploring how a new AI model, o1, is transforming medical decision-making. Unlike traditional AI, which treats medical queries as isolated problems, o1-powered agents approach them like human doctors—considering patient history, dynamically interacting with the medical environment, and even 'consulting' with other AI specialists. The research focuses on three different agent frameworks: CoD (Chain of Diagnosis), MedAgents, and AgentClinic. CoD mimics a doctor's thought process, retrieving relevant diseases, reasoning through symptoms, and assigning confidence to diagnoses. MedAgents simulates a team of specialists collaborating on a case, mirroring real-world medical consultations. AgentClinic takes it a step further, creating a virtual clinic with patient and doctor agents interacting, ordering tests from a measurement agent, and having their conclusions validated by a moderator. Experiments show o1 significantly boosts diagnostic accuracy across various benchmarks. In the CoD framework, o1 outperformed previous models, especially in complex scenarios. With MedAgents, o1 improved diagnostic accuracy and consistency. In AgentClinic, strategically using o1 for the doctor agent provided the best balance of accuracy and speed. While o1 excels in complex reasoning, it can be computationally intensive. For simpler tasks, existing models might suffice. The research also highlights the potential of multi-agent systems, where specialized AIs collaborate, mimicking how real medical teams work. The future of healthcare could see a network of these AI agents, each specializing in different areas, working together to diagnose and treat patients with unprecedented speed and precision. Imagine an AI that can adapt to new medical knowledge in real-time, personalize treatment based on a patient's unique history, and even predict potential complications. This vision is now closer than ever, thanks to advancements like the o1 model.